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RFID's
By Rev. Mark Shadow
Awhile back I heard a piece on these new RFID
(Radio Frequency Identification) tags on the radio and I have been dying
to delve into it deeper. It seems that this is some new technology that
they implant some small chip into products so that they can be tracked
in and out of the store. These will apparently be used for things such
as inventory, theft prevention and to track what the customer is using
the products for. Also so they can do marketing research.
But me being paranoid I suppose I can
se what it can also be used for. Such as tracking you say you by a new
set of tires for your car. Lets say Michelin since I've heard they are
already using them. And the Mark of the Beast comes about well you
try to get out of town. But you can be tracked because your new tires have
these RFID's in them. Or since you cant buy or sell without the mark. But
someone with it is sympathetic to you and this single man is buying enough
food for a family of ten. So the powers that be become suspicious. All
they will have to do then is track the ids in the food. For every good
reason they can come up with I can come up with 2 ways it could be abused.
Lets go back to the good reasons the big one
marketing research. First off when I buy a product. It belongs to me. And
is none of their business what I do with my property. Secondly theft now
I can buy that one but they already have tags for that but they can be
stopped with a simple speaker magnet. And people have already come out
with RFID tag killers so why waste the money since it can be gotten around
easy. I just think like most things we are giving up more of our privacy
and independence to live in a modern society and it never turns out to
be in our best interest, as the Shadow Government would like us to believe.
They always say we are protecting you. But we are not any safer and we
have given up so much to be protected. And hell I never asked them to protect
me and the few times in my life I needed them they were not there until
the problem I NEEDED PROTECTING FROM WAS OVER. So you know what don't protect
me Ill do it myself like I've been doing my whole life. And stay out of
my business.
This is definitely one of those things we
should steer clear of. Science runs around trying so hard to prove they
can do things they never stop to think about weather or not they should
do it. Look at the Atomic Bomb!! As you can clearly see this technology
will be helpful to anyone BUT YOU!!
Here are a few things I plucked of the web
on RFID's
The Information Below Was Found Here.
http://www.rfidjournal.com/
Omron Announces Three RFID Starter
Kits
RFID hardware manufacturer Omron
Electronics has introduced three new UHF RFID starter kits to help companies
begin RFID labeling on cases and pallets of goods. The basic kit includes
Omron's V740 UHF EPC Class 0 and Class 1 reader (interrogator); one antenna;
cables; a power supply; and 50 RFID Omron UHF smart labels. The advanced
kit also includes these items, as well as a license to install RFID Tag
Manager software (supplied to Omron by epcSolutions) on one RFID interrogator
or printer encoder. The software allows users to write an electronic product
code to labels, associate cases to pallets and print a smart label that
includes a bar code and human readable text. The advanced suite kit includes
all the elements of the advanced kit, as well as software licenses for
nine additional devices. The basic kit costs $3,495; the advanced kit costs
$5,995; and the advanced suite kit costs $8,495. All are available now.
Customers can purchase Zebra's R110xi printer encoder from Omron instead
of the V740 interrogator at any level of Omron starter kits.
The Below Information was Found Here
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID
Low frequency RFID tags are
commonly used for animal identification, beer keg tracking, and automobile
key-and-lock, anti-theft systems. Pets are often embedded with small chips
so that they may be returned to their owners if lost. In the United States,
two RFID frequencies are used: 125 kHz (the original standard) and 134.5
kHz (the international standard).
High frequency RFID tags are
used in library book or bookstore tracking, pallet tracking, building access
control, airline baggage tracking, and apparel item tracking. High frequency
tags are widely used in identification badges, replacing earlier magnetic
stripe cards. These badges need only be held within a certain distance
of the reader to authenticate the holder.
The American Express Blue credit
card now includes a high frequency RFID tag, a feature American Express
calls ExpressPay[3].
UHF RFID tags are commonly used
commercially in pallet and container tracking, and truck and trailer tracking
in shipping yards.
Microwave RFID tags are used
in long range access control for vehicles.
Some toll booths, such as California's
FasTrak, Illinois' I-Pass system, the Philippines South Luzon Expressway
E-Pass, and Maryland's E-Z pass system, use RFID tags for electronic toll
collection. The tags are read as vehicles pass; the information is used
to debit the toll from a prepaid account. The system helps to speed traffic
through toll plazas.
Sensors such as seismic sensors
may be read using RFID transceivers, greatly simplifying remote data collection.
In January 2003, Michelin announced
that it has begun testing RFID transponders embedded into tires. After
a testing period that is expected to last 18 months, the manufacturer will
offer RFID enabled tires to car makers. Their primary purpose is tire tracking
in compliance with the United States Transportation, Recall, Enhancement,
Accountability and Documentation Act (TREAD Act).
Cards embedded with RFID chips
are widely used as electronic cash, e.g. Octopus Card in Hong Kong and
the Netherlands and United Kingdom (In the form of the London Underground
Oyster Card) to pay fares in mass transit systems and/or retails.
Starting from the 2004 model
year, a "Smart Key" option is available to the Toyota Prius and some Lexus
models. The key fob uses an active RFID circuit which allow the car to
acknowledge the key's presence within 3 feet of the sensor. The driver
can open the doors and start the car while the key remains in a purse or
pocket.
In August 2004, the Ohio Department
of Rehabilitation and Correction (ODRH) approved a $415,000 contract to
trial the tracking technology with Alanco Technologies. Inmates will wear
"wristwatch sized" transmitters that can detect if prisoners have been
trying to remove them and send an alert to prison computers. This project
is not the first such roll out of tracking chips in US prisons. Facilities
in Michigan, California and Illinois already employ the technology.
Implantable RFID "chips", originally
designed for animal tagging are being used and contemplated for humans
as well. Applied Digital Solutions proposes their chip's "unique under-the-skin
format" as a solution to identity fraud, secure building access, computer
access, storage of medical records, anti-kidnapping initiatives and a variety
of law enforcement applications. Combined with sensors to monitor body
functions, the Digital Angel device could provide monitoring for patients.
The Baja Beach Club in Barcelona, Spain uses an implantable Verichip to
identify their VIP customers, who in turn use it to pay for drinks [4].
The Mexico City police department has implanted approximately 170 of their
police officers with the Verichip, to allow access to police databases
and possibly track them in case of kidnapping.
Amal Graafstra, a Washington
state native and business owner, had a RFID chip implanted in his left
hand in early 2005. The chip was 12 mm long by 2 mm in diameter and has
a basic read range of two inches (50 mm). The implant procedure was conducted
by a cosmetic surgeon, although the name of the doctor was not released.
When asked what he planed to do with the implant Graafstra responded: "because
I'm writing my own software and soldering up my own stuff, pretty much
anything I want. Well, more accurately, anything I have the time and inspiration
to do. Ultimately though, I think true keyless access will require an implantable
chip with a very strong encryption system; right now I'm only looking at
this type of thing in a personal context."1
[edit]
Potential uses
RFID tags are often envisioned
as a replacement for UPC or EAN bar-codes, having a number of important
advantages over the older bar-code technology. They may not ever completely
replace bar-codes, due in part to their relatively higher cost. For some
lower cost items the ability of each tag to be unique may be considered
to be overkill, though it would have some benefits such as the facilitation
of taking inventory.
It must also be recognized that
the storage of data associated with tracking goods down to item level will
run into many terabytes. It is much more likely that goods will be tracked
at pallet level using RFID tags, and at item level with product unique
rather than item unique bar-codes.
RFID codes are long enough that
every RFID tag may have a unique code, while current UPC codes are limited
to a single code for all instances of a particular product. The uniqueness
of RFID tags means that a product may be individually tracked as it moves
from location to location, finally ending up in the consumer's hands. This
may help companies to combat theft and other forms of product loss. It
has also been proposed to use RFID for point-of-sale store checkout to
replace the cashier with an automatic system which needs no barcode scanning.
However this is not likely to be possible without a significant reduction
in the cost of current tags. There is some research taking place into ink
that can be used as an RFID tag, which would significantly reduce costs.
However, this is some years from reaching fruition.
[edit]
Gen 2
An organization called EPCglobal
is working on an international standard for the use of RFID and the Electronic
Product Code (EPC) in the identification of any item in the supply chain
for companies in any industry, anywhere in the world. The organization's
board of governors includes representatives from EAN International, Uniform
Code Council, The Gillette Company, Procter & Gamble, Wal-Mart, Hewlett-Packard,
Johnson & Johnson, Checkpoint Systems and Auto-ID Labs. Some RFID systems
use alternative standards based on the ISO-classification 18000-6.
The EPCglobal gen 2 standard
was approved in December 2004, and is likely to form the backbone of RFID
tag standards moving forward. This was approved after a contention from
Intermec that the standard may infringe a number of their RFID related
patents. It was decided that the standard itself did not infringe their
patents, but it may be necessary to pay royalties to Intermec if the tag
was to be read in a particular manner. EPC Gen2 is short for EPCglobal
UHF Generation 2.
[edit]
Patient identification
In July 2004, the Food and Drug
Administration issued a ruling that essentially begins a final review process
that will determine whether hospitals can use RFID systems to identify
patients and/or permit relevant hospital staff to access medical records.
The use of RFID to prevent mix ups between sperm and ova in IVF clinics
is also being considered [5].
Also, the FDA recently approved
the country's first RFID chips that can be implanted in humans. The 134.2
kHz RFID chips, from VeriChip Corp., a subsidiary of Applied Digital Solutions
Inc., can incorporate personal medical information and could save lives
and limit injuries from errors in medical treatments, according to the
company. The FDA approval was disclosed during a conference call with investors.
Some in-home uses, such as allowing
a refrigerator to track the expiration dates of the food it contains, have
also been proposed, but few have moved beyond the prototype stage.
[edit]
Traffic
Another proposed application
is the use of RFID as intelligent traffic signals on the road (Road Beacon
System or RBS) [6].
[edit]
Regulation and standardization
There is no global public body
that governs the frequencies used for RFID. In principle, every country
can set its own rules for this. The main bodies governing frequency allocation
for RFID are:
· USA: FCC (Federal Communications
Commission)
· Canada: DOC (Department
of Communication)
· Europe: ERO, CEPT,
ETSI, and national administrations (note that the national administrations
must ratify the usage of a specific frequency before it can be used in
that country)
· Japan: MPHPT (Ministry
of Public Management, Home Affairs, Post and Telecommunication)
· China: Ministry of
Information Industry
· Australia: Australian
Communication Authority
· New Zealand: Ministry
of Economic Development
Low-frequency (LF: 125 - 134
kHz and 140 - 148.5 kHz) and high-frequency (HF: 13.56 MHz) RFID tags can
be used globally without a license. Ultra-high-frequency (UHF: 868 MHz-928
MHz) cannot be used globally as there isn't one single global standard.
In North America, UHF can be used unlicensed for 908 - 928 MHz, but restrictions
exist for transmission power. In Europe, UHF is under consideration for
865.6 - 867.6 MHz. Its usage is currently unlicensed for 869.40 - 869.65
MHz only, but restrictions exist for transmission power. The North American
UHF standard is not accepted in France as it interferes with its military
bands. For China and Japan, there is no regulation for the use of UHF.
Each application for UHF in these countries needs a site license, which
needs to be applied for at the local authorities, and can be revoked. For
Australia and New Zealand, 918 - 926 MHz are unlicensed, but restrictions
exist for transmission power.
Additional regulations exist
regarding health and environmental issues. For example, in Europe, the
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment regulation does not allow for
RFID tags to be thrown away. This means that RFID tags in cardboard boxes
must be removed before disposing of them. Health regulations exist as well;
see EMF (Electromagnetic field).
Some standards that have been
made regarding RFID technology include:
· ISO 10536
· ISO 14443
· ISO 15693
· ISO 18000
· EPCGlobal - this is
the standard that is most likely going to form the basis of a Worldwide
standard.
[edit]
Security
RSA Security has a prototype
device that locally jams RFID signals, allowing the user to prevent identification
if desired. [7]
[edit]
Controversy
How would you like it if, for
instance, one day you realized your underwear was reporting on your whereabouts?
— California Senator Debra Bowen,
at a 2003 hearing [8]
The use of RFID technology has
engendered considerable controversy and even product boycotts. The four
main privacy concerns regarding RFID are:
· The purchaser of an
item will not necessarily be aware of the presence of the tag or be able
to remove it;
· The tag can be read
at a distance without the knowledge of the individual;
· If a tagged item is
paid for by credit card or in conjunction with use of a loyalty card, then
it would be possible to tie the unique ID of that item to the identity
of the purchaser; and
· The EPCGlobal system
of tags create, or are proposed to create, globally unique serial numbers
for all products, even though this creates privacy problems and is completely
unnecessary for most applications.
Most concerns revolve around
the fact that RFID tags affixed to products remain functional even after
the products have been purchased and taken home, and thus can be used for
surveillance and other nefarious purposes unrelated to their supply chain
inventory functions. Although RFID tags are only officially intended for
short-distance use, they can be interrogated from greater distances by
anyone with a high-gain antenna, potentially allowing the contents of a
house to be scanned at a distance. Even short range scanning is a concern
if all the items detected are logged in a database every time a person
passes a reader, or if it is done for nefarious reasons (e.g., a mugger
using a hand-held scanner to obtain an instant assessment of the wealth
of potential victims). With permanent RFID serial numbers, an item leaks
unexpected information about a person even after disposal; for example,
items that are resold or given away can enable mapping of a person's social
network.
Another privacy issue is due
to RFID's support for a singulation (anti-collision) protocol. This is
the means by which a reader enumerates all the tags responding to it without
them mutually interfering. The structure of the most common version of
this protocol is such that all but the last bit of each tag's serial number
can be deduced by passively eavesdropping on just the reader's part of
the protocol. Because of this, whenever RFID tags are near to readers,
the distance at which a tag's signal can be eavesdropped is irrelevant;
what counts is the distance at which the much more powerful reader can
be received. Just how far this can be depends on the type of the reader,
but in the extreme case some readers have a maximum power output (4 W)
that could be received from tens of kilometres away.
The potential for privacy violations
with RFID was demonstrated by its use in a pilot program by the Gillette
Company, which conducted a "smart shelf" test at a Tesco in Cambridge.
They automatically photographed shoppers taking RFID-tagged safety razors
off the shelf, to see if the technology could be used to deter shoplifting.
[9]
In another study, uncovered
by the Chicago Sun-Times, shelves in a Wal-Mart in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma,
were equipped with hidden electronics to track the Max Factor Lipfinity
lipstick containers stacked on them. Webcam images of the shelves were
viewed 750 miles away by Procter & Gamble researchers in Cincinnati,
Ohio who could tell when lipsticks were removed from the shelves and could
even watch consumers in action.
In January 2004 a group of privacy
advocates was invited to METRO Future Store in Germany, where an RFID pilot
project was implemented. It was uncovered by accident that METRO "Payback"
customer loyalty cards contained RFID tags with customer IDs, a fact that
was disclosed neither to customers receiving the cards, nor to this group
of privacy advocates. This happened despite assurances by METRO that no
customer identification data was tracked and all RFID usage was clearly
disclosed. [10]
The controversy was furthered
by the accidental exposure of a proposed Auto-ID consortium public relations
campaign that was designed to "neutralize opposition" and get consumers
to "resign themselves to the inevitability of it" whilst merely pretending
to address their concerns. [11]
The standard proposed by EPCglobal
includes privacy-related guidelines for the use of RFID-based EPC. These
guidelines [12] include the requirement to give consumers clear notice
of the presence of EPC and to inform them of the choice that they have
to discard, disable or remove EPC tags. These guidelines are non-binding,
and only partly meet the joint position statement of 46 multi-national
consumer rights and privacy groups.
In 2004, Lukas Grunwald released
a computer program RFDump which with suitable hardware allows reading and
reprogramming the metadata contained in an RFID tag, although not the unchangeable
serial number built into each tag. He said consumers could use this program
to protect themselves, although it would also have significant malicious
uses.
There are applications instead
where using RFID technology inversely as usual generates no concerns about
privacy. This is the case of the Road Beacon System (RBS) [13] where the
user is the only one who is using the reader collecting RFID information
embedded under the road. This information can be stored in a "black box"
but it is only avalilable for him/her, and is not traveling over networks,
mobile phones or the Internet.
[edit]
Passports
A number of countries have proposed
to implant RFID devices in new passports [14], to facilitate efficient
machine reading of biometric data. Security expert Bruce Schneier said
of these proposals: "It's a clear threat to both privacy and personal safety.
Quite simply, it's a bad idea." The RFID-enabled passport uniquely identifies
its holder, and in the proposal currently under consideration, will also
include a variety of other personal information. This could greatly simplify
some of the abuses of RFID technology, and expand them to include abuses
based on machine reading of data such as a person's nationality. For example,
a mugger operating near an airport could target victims who have arrived
from wealthy countries, or a terrorist could design a bomb which functioned
when approached by persons from a particular country.
The US State Department initially
rejected these concerns on the grounds that they believed the chips could
only be read from a distance of 10 cm (4 in), but in the face of 2,400
critical comments from security professionals, and a clear demonstration
that special equipment can read the test passports from 30 feet (10 m)
away, as of May 2005 the proposal is being reviewed. [15]
[edit]
Driver's Licenses
The US state of Virginia has
considered putting RFID tags into driver's licenses in order to make lookups
faster for police officers and other government officials. The Virginia
General Assembly also hopes that by including the tags fake identity documents
would become much harder to obtain. The proposal was first introduced in
the "Driver's License Modernization Act" of 2002, which lapsed without
vote, but as of 2004 the concept is still under consideration by a committee.
The idea was prompted by the
fact that several of the September 11 hijackers held fake Virginia driver's
licenses. However the American Civil Liberties Union has claimed that in
addition to being a risk to privacy and liberty, the proposal in fact would
not have hindered the hijackers, since all their false documents were valid,
officially issued documents obtained for a false identity. That is, the
current weakness in the system is not inspecting documents in the field,
but verifying identities before issuing documents.
Under the proposal, no information
would be stored on the tag other than a number corresponding to the holder's
information in a database, only accessible by authorized personnel. Also,
to deter identity thieves one would simply need to wrap one's drivers'
license in aluminium foil. [16], [17]
[edit]
See also
· Sony FeliCa
· SmartCode Corp. RFID
[edit]
References
· Bhattacharya, Shaoni;
2005. "Electronic tags for eggs, sperm and embryos" at New Scientist.com,
referenced 2 April 2005
· Roger Smith: RFID:
A Brief Technology Analysis, CTO Network Library, 2005
The Information Below was Found At
http://www.spychips.com/
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
January 31, 2005
CASPIAN UNCOVERS U.S. GOVERNMENT
RFID PROMOTION SCHEME
Heads of Federal Agencies
encouraged to "advance the industry"
Have you wondered why the
U.S. Government seems so keen on RFID lately? CASPIAN (Consumers Against
RFID Privacy Invasion and Numbering) may have found the answer in the form
of a General Services Administration (GSA) bulletin issued last month.
The GSA is a federal agency that manages purchasing administration for
other federal agencies.
In Bulletin "B-7 Radio Frequency
Identification," heads of federal agencies are "encouraged to consider
action that can be taken to advance the [RFID] industry by demonstrating
the long-term intent of the agency
to adopt RFID technological
solutions."
In addition, the document
specifies that "agencies need to determine how to best implement RFID technology
on current or proposed contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements."
The directive was signed by
G. Martin Wagner, Associate Administrator for the Office of Government
wide Policy, on December 4, 2004. Coincidentally, since that time, major
RFID initiatives have been publicized by a number of government agencies,
including Social Security, NASA, the Postal Service, and the Department
of Homeland
Security, among others.
"Buying needed equipment is
one thing. Finding excuses to purchase and promote controversial technology
at taxpayer expense is another," said Katherine Albrecht, Founder and Director
of CASPIAN. "The RFID industry
has planned to use 'top tier'
government officials to advance their agenda since 2002. Apparently those
efforts are now paying off." “
Albrecht points to a cache
of confidential documents that her group discovered in 2003. These included
a strategy document prepared for a prominent RFID industry consortium by
public relations firm
Fleischman-Hillard. The document
recommended identifying "key government, regulatory, and interest group
leaders" to bring into the "inner circle" of support for the RFID industry
(see pages 28-29).
In one of the confidential
documents, Fleischman-Hillard indicated that
there had even been a "successful
meeting with Office of Homeland
Security Director Tom Ridge."
"We have no evidence that
any specific public official was co-opted,"
said Albrecht, "but it's
curious how many well publicized RFID
deployments have been announced
since that bulletin was released."
The Spy chips web site is
a project of CASPIAN, Consumers Against Supermarket Privacy Invasion and
Numbering. © CASPIAN 2003-2004.
The Information Below was found at the
Site below. As you can see it is already being abused.
http://www.smartmobs.com/archive/2005/05/04/rfid_employee_m.html
RFID employee monitoring
Always-On Panopticon...or
Cooperation Amplifier
Posted by Regine at 02:30
AM
Omron's new production management
system exploits RFID tags, video cameras, access/security control systems,
etc. to monitor how much employees' contribute to the production.
Employees carry mandatory
RFID tags so that the system can monitor their whereabouts but also their
work performance.
Based on the previous steps,
employee allocation is optimized
and quality of products is
improved.
The company had been testing
the system at their sensor factory in Kyoto since last October. They say
that the return was about $2M (for the initial investment of about $1M.)
Via RFID in Japan
Update 09/21/05
I was out shopping today and found these.
I found the sign when shopping for turtle food and the RFID's where in
my new wiper blades.
This proves things can be tracked
with these notice what it says on the bottom of the petland sign. 24 hour
recovery network how can they find your pet if they can't track him by
his tag. Have you seen the new commercial where they call the truck driver
up and tell him he's lost. And they state the load told them he was
lost. Because the load was RFID tagged.